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Heltzel

Contents

Introduction

One of the oldest equations is which is still being used for Reynolds values in the range of Re = 4,000 to 57,600. This equation is limited to laminar flow only. Other limitations include velocity changes and larger diameters.

Formulas

Downstream Pressure

P_2=P_1-L\bigg( \frac{B(G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153})}{1.413D^{2.729}}\bigg)^{1.736}-\triangle H

P_2=P_1-L\bigg( \frac{B(G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153})}{1.413D^{2.729}}\bigg)^{1.736}-\triangle H

Flow Rate

B=\frac{1.413D^{2.729}}{G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153}(\frac{P_1-P_2-\triangle H}{L})^{0.576}}

B=\frac{1.413D^{2.729}}{G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153}(\frac{P_1-P_2-\triangle H}{L})^{0.576}}

Internal Diameter

D=\bigg( \frac{B(G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153})}{1.413\triangle P^{0.3664}}\bigg) \~\ \triangle H=0.433514G(H_2-H_1) \~\ \triangle P=\bigg( \frac{P_1-P_2-\triangle H}{L} \bigg)^{0.576}

D=\bigg( \frac{B(G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153})}{1.413\triangle P^{0.3664}}\bigg) \\~\\ \triangle H=0.433514G(H_2-H_1) \\~\\ \triangle P=\bigg(  \frac{P_1-P_2-\triangle H}{L}  \bigg)^{0.576}

Upstream Pressure

P_1=P_2+L\bigg( \frac{B(G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153})}{1.413D^{2.729}} \bigg)^{1.736}+\triangle H

P_1=P_2+L\bigg( \frac{B(G^{0.4236}K_V^{0.153})}{1.413D^{2.729}}   \bigg)^{1.736}+\triangle H

𝐾𝑉 − Kinematic Viscosity[ft2/sec]

𝐻1 − Upstream Elevation[ft]

𝐻2 − Downstream Elevation[ft]

𝐵 − Flow Rate[BPD]

𝐷−Pipe Internal Diameter[in]

𝐿 − Pipeline Length[mi]

𝐺 − Liquid Specific Gravity

∆𝑃 − Pressure Drop[psi/mile]

𝑃1 − Upstream Pressure[psig]

𝑃2 − Downstream Pressure[psig]

Case Guide

Part 1: Create Case

  1. Select the Heltzel application in the Hydraulics module.
  2. To create a new case, click the “Add Case” button.
  3. Enter Case Name, Location, Date and any necessary notes.
  4. Fill out all required parameters.
  5. Make sure the values you are inputting are in the correct units.
  6. Click the CALCULATE button to overview results

Input Parameters

  • Temperature base(°F)
  • Pressure base(psia)
  • Gas Flowing Temperature(°F)
  • Gas Specific Gravity
  • Compressibility Factor
  • Pipeline Efficiency Factor
  • Upstream Pressure(psig)
  • Downstream Pressure(psig)
  • Flow Rate(Barrels per Day)
  • Internal Pipe Diameter(in)
  • Length of Pipeline(mi)
  • Upstream Elevation(ft)
  • Downstream Elevation(ft)

Downstream Pressure

Flow Rate

Internal Pipe Diameter

Upstream Pressure

Part 2: Outputs/Reports

  1. If you need to modify an input parameter, click the CALCULATE button after the change.
  2. To SAVE, fill out all required case details then click the SAVE button.
  3. To rename an existing file, click the SAVE As button. Provide all case info then click SAVE.
  4. To generate a REPORT, click the REPORT button.
  5. The user may export the Case/Report by clicking the Export to Excel icon.
  6. To delete a case, click the DELETE icon near the top of the widget.

Results

  • Pressure Drop(psi/mile)
  • Downstream Pressure(psig)
  • Flow Rate(Barrels per Day)
  • Internal Pipe Diameter(in)
  • Upstream Pressure(psig)

Downstream Pressure

Flow Rate

Internal Pipe Diameter 

Upstream Pressure

References

  • “Pipeline Rules of Thumb” Gulf Professional Publishing, Seventh Edition, McAllister, E. W.
  • “Gas Pipeline Hydraulics”, Systek Technologies, Inc., Menon, Shahi E.
  • “Advanced Pipeline Design”, Carroll, Landon and Hudkins, Weston R.
  • American Gas Association (AGA), “Reference: Eq-17-18, Section 17, GPSA”, Engineering Data Book, Eleventh Edition
  • Hydraulic Transients, McGraw-Hill, New York., Streeter, V.L. and Wylie, E.B. (1967)
  • Water Hammer Analysis. Jour. Hyd. Div., ASCE., Vol. 88, HY3, pp79-113 May, Streeter, V.L. (1969)
  • Unsteady flow calculations by numerical methods’, Jour. Basic Eng., ASME., 94, pp457-466, June. Streeter, V.L. (1972),
  • Hydraulic Pipelines, John Wiley & Sons, J. P Tullis (1989)

FAQ

  • What is Erosional Velocity?

    Pipe erosion begins when velocity exceeds the value of C/SQRT(ρ) in ft/s, where ρ = gas density (in lb./ft3) and C = empirical constant (in lb./s/ft2) (starting erosional velocity). We used C=100 as API RP 14E (1984). However, this value can be changed based on the internal conditions of the pipeline. Check Out

  • What is Sonic Velocity?

    The maximum possible velocity of a compressible fluid in a pipe is called sonic velocity. Oilfield liquids are semi-compressible, due to dissolved gases. Check Out

Updated on December 19, 2023
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