Introduction This calculation determines the deflection or structural damage to the repeated load application not over buried pipe i.e. parallel....

Introduction Where long distances are covered by impressed current systems, voltage drops occur along the structure in a reduction fashion...

Introduction DCVG surveys are typically performed on coated pipelines with a view to determining the location of holidays (coating defects)...

Introduction This calculation is used to calculate anode size to protect small underground piping systems such as meter stations, crossovers...

Introduction Rectifiers require AC power to drive the cathodic protection system on a 24-hour basis. High resistance ground beds can...