Introduction The Pittsburgh equation is used in low pressure pipelines as in distribution systems. It was implemented to determine a...

Introduction There are two forms of the Spitzglass Equation: one for low pressures (less than or equal to 1 pisg)...

Introduction Darcy-Weisbach equations are valid for steady state flow. The friction factor – λ -depends on the flow, (laminar, transient,...

Introduction Used for primarily water lines associated with production facilities. Limited to Reynolds numbers in the range of Re =...

Introduction One of the oldest equations is which is still being used for Reynolds values in the range of Re...