Introduction A single point charge is used in estimating the stress magnitudes to the pipe. :A=R The minimum distance from...

Introduction Parallel explosive charge are complex methods which have been simplified in many cases to into equivalent parallel line or...

Introduction An angled-line source that is simplified into an equivalent parallel line source if the its standoff distance is equal...

Introduction Radial ground motions are in a direction perpendicular to the explosive line. The effective length (L) of the equally...

Introduction The pipe stress and ground motion are a method that would yield reasonable stress estimates by simplifying this source...