API 1102 Uncased Crossing 10 Foot Limit Understanding
Uncased carrier pipe is subjected to internal loading from pressure and external loading from earth loading (dead load) and live...
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Surface Load Mitigation Measures – Best Practice
Method Advantages Disadvantages Reduce the operating pressure of the pipeline. Provides a direct reduction of the hoop stress due to... -
Difference between “Operating Weight” in Track Load Analysis and “concentrated surface load” in Wheel Load
We multiply the total weight by 0.5 to reflect the load on each track (see below the equation) -
Determining Trench Width for Crossings
The basic analysis developed by M.G. Spangler includes frictional forces between the trench wall and the backfill. This permits the... -
Combined Stress for Wheel Load and Track Load
The question comes up from time to time how to address local stresses for wheel and track load calculations. ASME B31.8 ...