Restrained Pipeline Stress Analysis

Restrained pipes are typically buried with proper bedding. However, when settlement or subsidence occurs the longitudinal and combined stresses may be replaced with a strain limit of 2% in ASME B31.4

Yielding that does not impair the serviceability of the pipe. Local stresses caused by periodic or repetitive load resulting in fatigue. Unanticipated earthquakes vibration and thermal expansion.

Hoop Stress

𝑆𝐻 − Hoop stress(psi)
𝑃 − Pipe internal pressure(psi)
𝐷 − Pipe outside diameter(in)
𝑡 − Pipe wall thickness(in)

Longitudinal Stress due to Internal Pressure

𝑆_𝑃 = 0.3𝑆_𝐻

𝑆𝑃 − Longitudinal stress due to internal pressure(psi)
𝑆𝐻 − Hoop stress(psi)

Longitudinal Stress due to Thermal Expansion

𝑆_𝑇= 𝐸𝛼(𝑇₁−𝑇₂)

𝑆𝑇 − Longitudinal stress due to thermal expansion(psi)
𝛼 − Coefficient of thermal expansion(1/℉)
𝐸 − Elastic modulus of ambient temperature(psi)
𝑇1 − Pipe Temperature at the time of installation(℉)
𝑇2 − The warmest or coldest pipe operating temperature(℉)

Nominal Bending Stress

𝑆𝐵 − Nominal bending stress(lb/in)
𝑀 − Calculated bending moment
𝑍 − Pipe section modulus(in3)

Stress due to Axial Loading

𝑆𝑋 −Axial loading stress(lb/in)
𝑅 −External for axial component(lb)
𝐴 −Pipe metal cross-sectional area(in2)

Net Longitudinal Stresses

𝑆𝐿 − Net longitudinal stress in restrained pipe(psi)
Note: The maximum permitted value is 0.9ST
𝑆 − Specified minimum yield strength(psi)
𝑇 − Temperature derating factor

Combined Biaxial Stress

𝑆𝐶 −Combined biaxial stress(psi)
Note: The maximum permitted value of 𝑆𝐶. is 𝑘𝑆𝑇
𝑘 ≤ 0.9−for load of long duration
𝐾 = 1.0−for occasional nonperiodic loads of short duration
𝑆 − Specified minimum yield strength(psi)
𝑇 − Temperature derating factor

Input Parameters

Select the Restrained Pipeline Stress Analysis application from the Steel Pipe – Design and Stress Analysis module
To create a new case, click the “+” button
Enter Case Name, Location, Date, and any necessary notes
Fill out all required fields
Make sure the values you are inputting are in the correct units
Click the CALCULATE button

Nominal Pipe Size(in)
Wall Thickness(in)
Pipe grade (if unknown, use Grade A 24000)
T – Temperature Derating Factor
Pipe Internal Pressure
Pipe Installation Temp
Pipe Operating Temp
Nominal Bending Stress(psi)
Stress due to Axial Load(psi)
k – Load Factor while providing Poisson’s Ratio
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity
Thermal Expansion Coefficient(1/°F)

Outputs/Reports

View the results
If an input parameter needs to be edited be sure to hit the CALCULATE button after the change
To SAVE, fill out all required case details then click the SAVE button
To rename an existing file, click the SAVE As button. Provide all case info then click SAVE
To generate a REPORT, click the REPORT button
The user may export the Case/Report by clicking the Export to Excel/PowerPoint icon
To delete a case, click the DELETE icon near the top of the widget

Hoop Stress(psi)
Longitudinal Stress due to Internal Pressure(psi)
Longitudinal Stress due to Thermal Expansion(psi)
Net Longitudinal Stress(psi)
Maximum Permitted Longitudinal Stress(psi)
Combined Biaxial Stress(psi)
Maximum Permitted Combined Biaxial Stress(psi)